個体差もあるので必ずとも言えないようだがDS3231は頻繁にリードするほど(１秒に一回程度でも)時刻誤差が増大してしまう。誤差を増大させないようにするにはリード頻度を下げるしかないため最初に一度だけリードした後はDS3231のSQW(1Hz)信号によるGPIOピン割込みで時計を更新できるようにしたライブラリを作成してみた。
SQW(1Hz)信号を利用するとアラーム割込みにも対応できる。begin()にてSQW信号の接続先GPIOピンを指定するだけでよく、無指定(0xFFFF)の場合は毎回リード(誤差増大)するようになりアラーム割込みのサポートも無しとなる。
全てスタティック・メソッドなので本来はインスタンス生成する必要はないが、テンプレート・クラス特有のクラス指定の煩わしさ(名前が長くなる)があるためインスタンス変数経由で利用したほうが簡単。かも。
【スケッチ】
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#include <Wire.> #include "ds3231.h" #define DS3231_SQW_PIN 0xFFFF DECLARE_DS3231(Wire) rtc; const char *WDAYS[] = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" }; int second = -1; void setup(void) { Serial.begin(115200); rtc.begin(DS3231_SQW_PIN); #if 0 /* Write RTC */ rtc.tmbuf.tm_year = 2024 - 1900; rtc.tmbuf.tm_mon = 9 - 1; rtc.tmbuf.tm_mday = 9; rtc.tmbuf.tm_hour = 12; rtc.tmbuf.tm_min = 0; rtc.tmbuf.tm_sec = 0; rtc.setCalendar(rtc.tmbuf); #endif } void loop(void) { rtc.getCalendar(rtc.tmbuf); if (second != rtc.tmbuf.tm_sec) { second = rtc.tmbuf.tm_sec; Serial.print(rtc.tmbuf.tm_year + 1900); Serial.print("-"); Serial.print(rtc.tmbuf.tm_mon + 1); Serial.print("-"); Serial.print(rtc.tmbuf.tm_mday); Serial.print("("); Serial.print(WDAYS[rtc.tmbuf.tm_wday]); Serial.print(") "); Serial.print(rtc.tmbuf.tm_hour); Serial.print(":"); Serial.print(rtc.tmbuf.tm_min); Serial.print(":"); Serial.println(rtc.tmbuf.tm_sec); } } |
【ライブラリ】
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/* ds3231.h - DS3231/DS3232 RTC Library for ARDUINO Copyright (c) 2024 Sasapea's Lab. All right reserved. This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ #pragma once #include <stdint.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <time.h> #if !defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR) #include <functional> #endif #if defined(JENNIC_CHIP_FAMILY_JN516x) #undef _BIT_FIELDS_HTOL #define _BIT_FIELDS_HTOL #endif #define DECLARE_DS3231(instance) DS3231<typeof(instance), instance> template<typename T, T& WIRE> class DS3231 { public: static constexpr uint32_t WIRE_CLOCK = 400000; enum { ERR_NONE = 0, ERR_IO = 4, ERR_ARG = 8, }; typedef enum { SQWRATE_1, SQWRATE_1024, SQWRATE_4096, SQWRATE_8192, } SQWRATE; typedef enum { CNVRATE_64, CNVRATE_128, CNVRATE_256, CNVRATE_512, } CNVRATE; typedef struct __attribute((packed)) { #if defined(_BIT_FIELDS_HTOL) uint8_t OSF : 1; /* RW[1]: Oscillator Stop Flag */ uint8_t BB32KHz : 1; /* RW[1]: Battery-Backed 32KHz Output [DS3232] */ CNVRATE CRATE : 2; /* RW[CNVRATE_64]: Conversion Rate [DS3232] */ uint8_t EN32KHz : 1; /* RW[1]: Enable 32KHz Output */ uint8_t BSY : 1; /* RO[x]: Busy */ uint8_t A2F : 1; /* RW[x]: Alarm 2 Flag */ uint8_t A1F : 1; /* RW[x]: Alarm 1 Flag */ #else uint8_t A1F : 1; /* RW[x]: Alarm 1 Flag */ uint8_t A2F : 1; /* RW[x]: Alarm 2 Flag */ uint8_t BSY : 1; /* RO[x]: Busy */ uint8_t EN32KHz : 1; /* RW[1]: Enable 32KHz Output */ CNVRATE CRATE : 2; /* RW[CNVRATE_64]: Conversion Rate [DS3232] */ uint8_t BB32KHz : 1; /* RW[1]: Battery-Backed 32KHz Output [DS3232] */ uint8_t OSF : 1; /* RW[1]: Oscillator Stop Flag */ #endif } status_t; #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_AVR) typedef void (*callback_t)(status_t status); #else typedef std::function<void(status_t status)> callback_t; #endif /* Free to use variables */ static inline struct tm tmbuf; static inline status_t status; static inline int8_t agingoffset; static inline int16_t temperature; static bool begin(uint16_t pin = PIN_NC) { /* Initialize Wire with setup() */ _errcode = 0; _callback = nullptr; _pinsqw = PIN_NC; bool rv = read(offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm1), &_regmap.Alarm1, offsetof(regmap_t, Temperature) - offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm1)); if (rv && (pin != PIN_NC)) { rv = outputSQW(SQWRATE_1); if (rv) rv = emuration(pin); } return rv; } static void setCallback(callback_t callback) { /* Only valid in emulation mode */ _callback = callback; } static bool getCalendar(struct tm &tmbuf) { bool rv = true; if (_pinsqw == PIN_NC) { rv = read(offsetof(regmap_t, Calendar), &_regmap.Calendar, sizeof(_regmap.Calendar)); if (rv) toBinary(_regmap.Calendar); } if (rv) { do { tmbuf = { .tm_sec = _regmap.Calendar.Seconds, .tm_min = _regmap.Calendar.Minutes, .tm_hour = _regmap.Calendar.Hour, .tm_mday = _regmap.Calendar.Date, .tm_mon = _regmap.Calendar.Month - 1, .tm_year = _regmap.Calendar.Year + 100, .tm_wday = _regmap.Calendar.Day - 1, .tm_yday = dayOfYear(_regmap.Calendar), .tm_isdst = 0 }; } while (tmbuf.tm_sec != _regmap.Calendar.Seconds); } return rv; } static bool setCalendar(const struct tm &tmbuf) { bool rv = (tmbuf.tm_year >= 100) && (tmbuf.tm_year < 200); if (!rv) _errcode = ERR_ARG; else { calendar_t cal = { .Seconds = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_sec), .Minutes = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_min), .Hour = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_hour), .Day = bin2bcd(dayOfWeek(tmbuf.tm_year + 1900, tmbuf.tm_mon + 1, tmbuf.tm_mday) + 1), .Date = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_mday), .Month = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_mon + 1), .Year = bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_year - 100) }; rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, Calendar), &cal, sizeof(cal)); if (rv && (_pinsqw != PIN_NC)) toBinary(cal); } return rv; } static bool getAlarm1(struct tm &tmbuf) { bool rv = true || read(offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm1), &_regmap.Alarm1, sizeof(_regmap.Alarm1)); if (rv) { tmbuf = { .tm_sec = _regmap.Alarm1.Seconds & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Seconds), .tm_min = _regmap.Alarm1.Minutes & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Minutes), .tm_hour = _regmap.Alarm1.Hour & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Hour), .tm_mday = _regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & (ALMMSK | ALMDAY) ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate), .tm_mon = -1, .tm_year = -1, .tm_wday = _regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & ~ALMDAY) - 1, .tm_yday = -1, .tm_isdst = -1 }; }; return rv; } static bool setAlarm1(const struct tm &tmbuf, bool week, bool enable = true) { alarm1_t alarm = { .Seconds = tmbuf.tm_sec < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_sec), .Minutes = tmbuf.tm_min < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_min), .Hour = tmbuf.tm_hour < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_hour), .DayOrDate = (uint8_t)(week ? (tmbuf.tm_wday < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_wday + 1) | ALMDAY) : (tmbuf.tm_mday <= 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_mday))) }; bool rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm1), &alarm, sizeof(alarm)); if (rv) { _regmap.Alarm1 = alarm; rv = alarm1(enable); } return rv; } static bool alarm1(bool enable) { control_t control; bool rv = getControl(control); if (rv) { control.A1IE = enable; control.INTCN = _pinsqw == PIN_NC; rv = setControl(control); } return rv; } static bool getAlarm2(struct tm &tmbuf) { bool rv = true || read(offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm2), &_regmap.Alarm2, sizeof(_regmap.Alarm2)); if (rv) { tmbuf = { .tm_sec = -1, .tm_min = _regmap.Alarm2.Minutes & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.Minutes), .tm_hour = _regmap.Alarm2.Hour & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.Hour), .tm_mday = _regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & (ALMMSK | ALMDAY) ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate), .tm_mon = -1, .tm_year = -1, .tm_wday = _regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & ALMMSK ? -1 : bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & ~ALMDAY) - 1, .tm_yday = -1, .tm_isdst = -1 }; }; return rv; } static bool setAlarm2(const struct tm &tmbuf, bool week, bool enable = true) { alarm2_t alarm = { .Minutes = tmbuf.tm_min < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_min), .Hour = tmbuf.tm_hour < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_hour), .DayOrDate = (uint8_t)(week ? (tmbuf.tm_wday < 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_wday + 1) | ALMDAY) : (tmbuf.tm_mday <= 0 ? ALMMSK : bin2bcd(tmbuf.tm_mday))) }; bool rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, Alarm2), &alarm, sizeof(alarm)); if (rv) { _regmap.Alarm2 = alarm; rv = alarm2(enable); } return rv; } static bool alarm2(bool enable) { control_t control; bool rv = getControl(control); if (rv) { control.A2IE = enable; control.INTCN = _pinsqw == PIN_NC; rv = setControl(control); } return rv; } static bool getStatus(status_t &value) { value = {}; bool rv = read(offsetof(regmap_t, Status), &_regmap.Status, sizeof(_regmap.Status)); if (rv) value = _regmap.Status; return rv; } static bool setStatus(status_t value) { bool rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, Status), &value, sizeof(value)); if (rv) _regmap.Status = value; return rv; } static bool getAgingOffset(int8_t &value) { bool rv = true || read(offsetof(regmap_t, AgingOffset), &_regmap.AgingOffset, sizeof(_regmap.AgingOffset)); if (rv) value = _regmap.AgingOffset; return rv; } static bool setAgingOffset(int8_t value, bool conv = true) { bool rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, AgingOffset), &value, sizeof(value)); if (rv) { _regmap.AgingOffset = value; if (conv) rv = conversion(); } return rv; } static bool getTemperature(int16_t &value) { bool rv = read(offsetof(regmap_t, Temperature), &_regmap.Temperature, sizeof(_regmap.Temperature)); if (rv) value = (((int16_t)_regmap.Temperature.MSB << 8) | _regmap.Temperature.LSB) >> 6; return rv; } static bool oscillator(bool enable = true) { control_t control; bool rv = getControl(control); if (rv) { control.EOSC = !enable; rv = setControl(control); } return rv; } static bool getStopflag(bool &stopped) { status_t status = {}; bool rv = getStatus(status); stopped = status.OSF; if (rv && status.OSF) { status.OSF = 0; setStatus(status); } return rv; } static bool conversion(void) { control_t control; bool rv = getControl(control); if (rv) { control.CONV = 1; rv = setControl(control); } return rv; } static bool outputSQW(SQWRATE rate = SQWRATE_8192, bool BBSQW = false) { control_t control; bool rv = getControl(control); if (rv) { control.RS = rate; control.INTCN = 0; control.BBSQW = BBSQW; rv = setControl(control); } return rv; } static bool output32KHz(bool enable, bool BB32KHz = false /* [DS3232] */) { status_t status; bool rv = getStatus(status); if (rv) { status.EN32KHz = enable; status.BB32KHz = BB32KHz; /* [DS3232] */ rv = setStatus(status); } return rv; } static bool emuration(uint16_t pin = PIN_NC) { cancel(); if ((pin != PIN_NC) && (_regmap.Control.RS == SQWRATE_1) && (_regmap.Control.INTCN == 0)) { if (digitalPinToInterrupt(pin) != NOT_AN_INTERRUPT) { _regmap.Calendar.Seconds = 0; pinMode(pin, INPUT_PULLUP); attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(pin), update, FALLING); for (uint32_t t = millis(); millis() - t <= 1000; yield()) { if (_regmap.Calendar.Seconds) { struct tm tmbuf; if (getCalendar(tmbuf)) { _pinsqw = pin; return true; } break; } } detachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(pin)); } } return false; } /* [DS3232] */ static bool setConversionRate(CNVRATE rate = CNVRATE_64) { status_t status; bool rv = getStatus(status); if (rv) { status.CRATE = rate; rv = setStatus(status); } return rv; } /* [DS3232] */ static bool getSRAM(uint8_t addr, void *buf, size_t len) { bool rv = ((addr + len <= sizeof(_regmap.SRAM)) && (buf || !len)); if (!rv) _errcode = ERR_ARG; else if (len) rv = read(offsetof(regmap_t, SRAM) + addr, buf, len); return rv; } /* [DS3232] */ static bool setSRAM(uint8_t addr, const void *buf, size_t len) { bool rv = ((addr + len <= sizeof(_regmap.SRAM)) && (buf || !len)); if (!rv) _errcode = ERR_ARG; else if (len) rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, SRAM) + addr, buf, len); return rv; } static int errcode(void) { return _errcode; } private: static constexpr uint8_t DEVICE = 0x68; static constexpr uint16_t PIN_NC = 0xFFFF; static constexpr uint8_t CENTURY = 0x80; static constexpr uint8_t ALMMSK = 0x80; static constexpr uint8_t ALMDAY = 0x40; typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) { uint8_t Seconds; uint8_t Minutes; uint8_t Hour; uint8_t Day; uint8_t Date; uint8_t Month; uint8_t Year; } calendar_t; typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) { uint8_t Seconds; uint8_t Minutes; uint8_t Hour; uint8_t DayOrDate; } alarm1_t; typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) { uint8_t Minutes; uint8_t Hour; uint8_t DayOrDate; } alarm2_t; typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) { int8_t MSB; uint8_t LSB; } temperature_t; typedef struct __attribute((packed)) { #if defined(_BIT_FIELDS_HTOL) uint8_t EOSC : 1; /* RW[0]: Enable Oscillator */ uint8_t BBSQW : 1; /* RW[0]: Battery-Backed Square-Wave Enable */ uint8_t CONV : 1; /* RW[0]: Convert Temperature */ SQWRATE RS : 2; /* RW[SQWFREQ_8192]: Rate Select */ uint8_t INTCN : 1; /* RW[1]: Interrupt Control */ uint8_t A2IE : 1; /* RW[0]: Alarm 2 Interrupt Enable */ uint8_t A1IE : 1; /* RW[0]: Alarm 1 Interrupt Enable */ #else uint8_t A1IE : 1; /* RW[0]: Alarm 1 Interrupt Enable */ uint8_t A2IE : 1; /* RW[0]: Alarm 2 Interrupt Enable */ uint8_t INTCN : 1; /* RW[1]: Interrupt Control */ SQWRATE RS : 2; /* RW[SQWFREQ_8192]: Rate Select */ uint8_t CONV : 1; /* RW[0]: Convert Temperature */ uint8_t BBSQW : 1; /* RW[0]: Battery-Backed Square-Wave Enable */ uint8_t EOSC : 1; /* RW[0]: Enable Oscillator */ #endif } control_t; typedef struct __attribute__((packed)) { calendar_t Calendar; alarm1_t Alarm1; alarm2_t Alarm2; control_t Control; status_t Status; int8_t AgingOffset; temperature_t Temperature; uint8_t Reserved; /* [DS3232] */ uint8_t SRAM[236]; /* [DS3232] */ } regmap_t; /* static inline is C++17 and later */ static inline int _errcode; static inline callback_t _callback; static inline uint16_t _pinsqw; static inline regmap_t _regmap; static bool read(uint8_t addr, void *buf, size_t len) { if (!write(addr, nullptr, 0, false)) return false; WIRE.requestFrom(DEVICE, len); return (_errcode = WIRE.readBytes((uint8_t *)buf, len) == len ? ERR_NONE : ERR_IO) == ERR_NONE; } static bool write(uint8_t addr, const void *buf, size_t len, uint8_t sendStop = true) { WIRE.beginTransmission(DEVICE); WIRE.write(&addr, sizeof(addr)); if (buf && len) WIRE.write((const uint8_t *)buf, len); return (_errcode = WIRE.endTransmission(sendStop)) == ERR_NONE; } static bool getControl(control_t &value) { bool rv = true || read(offsetof(regmap_t, Control), &_regmap.Control, sizeof(_regmap.Control)); if (rv) value = _regmap.Control; return rv; } static bool setControl(control_t value) { bool rv = write(offsetof(regmap_t, Control), &value, sizeof(value)); if (rv) { _regmap.Control = value; if ((value.RS != SQWRATE_1) || value.INTCN) cancel(); } return rv; } static bool isLeapYear(int year) { return ((year % 4 == 0) && ((year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0))); } static int dayOfYear(calendar_t &cal) { static constexpr int YDAYS[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334 }; return YDAYS[cal.Month - 1] + cal.Date + ((cal.Month >= 3) && isLeapYear(cal.Year + 2000)) - 1; } static int dayOfMonth(calendar_t &cal) { static constexpr int MDAYS[] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }; return MDAYS[cal.Month - 1] + ((cal.Month == 2) && isLeapYear(cal.Year + 2000)); } static uint8_t dayOfWeek(uint32_t year, uint8_t month, uint8_t day) { /* Day is calculated with hypothesis that year > 2000 */ /* 0=Sun, 1=Mon, 2=Tue, 3=Wed, 4=Thu, 5=Fri, 6=Sat */ return month < 3 ? (((23 * month) / 9) + day + 4 + year + ((year - 1) / 4) - ((year - 1) / 100) + ((year - 1) / 400) ) % 7 : (((23 * month) / 9) + day + 4 + year + (year / 4) - (year / 100) + (year / 400) - 2) % 7; } static uint8_t bin2bcd(uint8_t n) { return n + 6 * (n / 10); } static uint8_t bcd2bin(uint8_t n) { return n - 6 * (n >> 4); } static void toBinary(calendar_t &cal) { _regmap.Calendar = { .Seconds = bcd2bin(cal.Seconds), .Minutes = bcd2bin(cal.Minutes), .Hour = bcd2bin(cal.Hour), .Day = bcd2bin(cal.Day), .Date = bcd2bin(cal.Date), .Month = bcd2bin(cal.Month & ~CENTURY), .Year = bcd2bin(cal.Year) }; } static void cancel(void) { if (_pinsqw != PIN_NC) detachInterrupt(_pinsqw); _pinsqw = PIN_NC; } static void update(void) { status_t status = {}; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Seconds > 59) { _regmap.Calendar.Seconds = 0; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Minutes > 59) { _regmap.Calendar.Minutes = 0; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Hour > 23) { _regmap.Calendar.Hour = 0; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Day > 7) _regmap.Calendar.Day = 1; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Date > dayOfMonth(_regmap.Calendar)) { _regmap.Calendar.Date = 1; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Month > 12) { _regmap.Calendar.Month = 1; if (++_regmap.Calendar.Year > 99) _regmap.Calendar.Year = 0; } } } } status.A2F = _regmap.Control.A2IE && ((_regmap.Alarm2.Minutes & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.Minutes) == _regmap.Calendar.Minutes)) && ((_regmap.Alarm2.Hour & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.Hour ) == _regmap.Calendar.Hour )) && ((_regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & ~ALMDAY) == (_regmap.Alarm2.DayOrDate & ALMDAY ? _regmap.Calendar.Day : _regmap.Calendar.Date))); } status.A1F = _regmap.Control.A1IE && ((_regmap.Alarm1.Seconds & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Seconds) == _regmap.Calendar.Seconds)) && ((_regmap.Alarm1.Minutes & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Minutes) == _regmap.Calendar.Minutes)) && ((_regmap.Alarm1.Hour & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.Hour ) == _regmap.Calendar.Hour )) && ((_regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & ALMMSK) || (bcd2bin(_regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & ~ALMDAY) == (_regmap.Alarm1.DayOrDate & ALMDAY ? _regmap.Calendar.Day : _regmap.Calendar.Date))); if ((status.A1F || status.A2F) && _callback) _callback(status); } }; |